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Thomas H. Carter
Thomas Henry Carter (October 30, 1854September 17, 1911) was a territorial delegate, a United States Representative, and a U.S. Senator from Montana. The child of Irish immigrants, Carter rose from a childhood spent on small farms in the Midwest to become one of the most successful and popular politicians in the early history of the State of Montana. He also made a name for himself within the national Republican Party, becoming in 1891 the first Catholic to serve as chairman of the Republican National Committee.
==Biography==
Carter was born to Irish immigrant parents on October 30, 1854, in a small village known as Junior Furnace, near Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio.〔McHattie 1930, p. 54.〕 His parents, Edward and Margaret (Byrnes) Carter, came to the United States in 1849 or 1850 following the Irish Potato Famine. They were married in Wheeling, West Virginia, shortly after their arrival in the U.S., Edward converting to Catholicism from the Anglican Church due to Margaret's influence. The Carters settled in Junior Furnace, Ohio by 1852 when their first son, Richard, was born. Shortly after Thomas' birth in 1854 the family moved to a farm a few miles from Junior Furnace.
Following the end of the Civil War in 1865, the Carters used their savings and moved to Pana, Illinois, where young Tommy Carter attended the common schools and worked on his parent's farm.〔McHattie 1930, p. 54.〕 Edward Carter instilled in his children a love for reading and with it a love of learning.〔McHattie 1930, p. 55.〕 Early in his adult life, following his family's loss of their farm due to a lightning-caused fire burning their barn and killing their farm animals, Thomas Carter engaged in railroad work and school teaching.〔Biographical Directory.〕〔McHattie 1930, p. 56-57.〕 For several years, Carter worked as a travelling salesman for a book publisher based in Burlington, Iowa. After the premature death of his mother to pneumonia in March 1879, Carter moved his two younger sisters, Julia and Margaret, and a younger brother, Edward Jr., to be with him in Burlington, Iowa, where he now worked as head of the sales department of the publishing company, while their father worked in Kentucky.〔McHattie 1930, p. 57-58.〕 Thomas and his sisters formed a particular bond in these years in Burlington as he supported them and cared for them as a father.〔McHattie 1930, p. 59.〕 After many long years of studying the law, Carter finally passed the bar examination in Nebraska while there on a business trip (likely in 1881, though the record is unclear).〔McHattie 1930, p. 60.〕
In May 1882, at the advice of friends, he moved from Burlington to Helena, Montana, ostensibly to begin his law career there.〔''Progressive Men'', p. 1120.〕 After a brief stint selling books again, he formed a law partnership with Helena lawyer, John B. Clayton.〔McHattie 1930, p. 60.〕 Within a year of arriving in Helena, Carter sent for his sisters and brother in Burlington to join him. From his childhood Carter nurtured a close relationship with the Catholic Church, and upon his arrival in Helena this relationship continued and even strengthened.〔McHattie 1930, p. 62-64.〕 On January 27, 1886, Carter married Ellen Lillian Galen at the cathedral in St. Paul, Minnesota. She was the daughter of Montana pioneers, Hugh F. Galen and Matilda Gillogly Galen.〔McHattie 1930, p. 61.〕
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